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Revision history for this page on the wikienMediaWiki 1.13.3Tue, 03 Nov 2026 09:17:18 GMTGomesBernal601: New page: <h1> Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm</h1> <p>An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a dilation (ballooning) of part of the aorta that is within the abdomen. An abdominal aortic aneurysm usually cau...
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<p>New page: <h1> Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm</h1> <p>An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a dilation (ballooning) of part of the aorta that is within the abdomen. An abdominal aortic aneurysm usually cau...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div><h1> Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm</h1><br />
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<p>An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a dilation (ballooning) of part of the aorta that is within the abdomen. An abdominal aortic aneurysm usually causes no warning signs except when it ruptures (bursts). A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is often dangerous. An abdominal aortic aneurysm less than 50 mm wide carries a low risk of rupture. An operation to take care of the aneurysm can be proposed if it is greater than 50 mm, as above this size the chance of rupture grows. Men aged 65 and more are to be proposed a routine scan to screen for abdominal aortic aneurysm.</p><br />
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<h2>What is the aorta?</h2><p>The aorta is the largest sized artery (blood vessel) in the body. It carries blood from the heart and descends through the chest and the abdomen. Many arteries come off the aorta to supply blood to all parts of the body. At about the level of the pelvis the aorta divides into two arteries, one going to each leg.</p><br />
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<h2 >What is an aneurysm and an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h2><p>An aneurysm is where a area of an artery widens (balloons out). The wall of an aneurysm is weaker than a natural artery wall. The tension of the blood inside of the artery triggers the weaker section of wall to balloon.<br /><br /><div style="text-align:center<img style="width:294px;height:270px;float:left;" src="http://www.abdominalaneurysm.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/AAA.gif" alt="Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm"/> <img style="width:310px;height:263px;" src="http://www.abdominalaneurysm.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm.gif" alt="Diagram showing the main arteries of the body and details of an aortic aneurysm"/></div><br /><br />Aneurysms might happen in any artery, but they most typically happen in the aorta. Most aortic aneurysms appear in the section of the aorta that goes through the abdomen. These are known as abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Sometimes they occur in the part moving through the chest. These are known as thoracic aortic aneurysms.<br /><br />The normal diameter of the aorta in the abdomen is around 20 mm. An [http://www.abdominalaneurysm.net abdominal aneurysm] is said to be present if a area of the aorta within the abdomen is 30 mm or more in diameter.<br /><br />The rest of this booklet is mainly about AAAs.<br /><br />AAAs differ in measurement. As a rule, when you develop an AAA, it has a tendency progressively to get larger. The speed at which it gets larger ranges from person to person. In spite of this, on average, an AAA leads to get larger by about 10% per year.</p><br />
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<h2>What leads to an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h2><br />
<h3>In the majority of cases</h3><p>The actual explanation why an aneurysm forms in the aorta in most cases is not clear. Most cases occur in older people. An AAA is rare in people under the age of 60. For that reason, growing old has a major role to play.<br /><br />The wall of the aorta ordinarily has levels of easy muscle, and layers created from tissues termed elastin and collagen. Elastin and collagen are powerful encouraging tissues. What seems to happen is that a part of the aorta loses its standard strength and flexibility in some people as they become older. Medical studies advises that this is due to changes in the elastin, collagen and smooth muscle tissues. There seem to be complicated biochemical procedures that lead to these changes. Some people are more vulnerable than others to these changes.<br /><br />Your hereditary make-up plays a part, as you have a significantly higher chance of developing an AAA if one of your parents has, or had, one.<br /><br />Atheroma may as well play a part. Atheroma is a oily substance that stores within the inside lining of arteries. Atheroma is in some cases called furring of the arteries. Most AAAs are layered with some atheroma. Anyone can develop atheroma, but it develops more usually with increasing age. Several risk aspects also enhance the chance of atheroma forming. They include: tobacco use, high blood pressure, diabetes, raised cholesterol level, taking little exercise, and obesity. These are the same risk factors that enhance the chance of atheroma forming in the heart (coronary) arteries, which can cause angina and heart attacks.</p><br />
<h3>In a minority of cases</h3><p>Rare triggers of AAAs include injury or infection of the aorta. In addition, certain unusual hereditary conditions can affect the artery structure. In these abnormal situations an aneurysm may develop at a quite young age.</p><br />
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<h2>How ordinary are abdominal aortic aneurysms?</h2><p>About 6 in 100 men and about 2 in 100 women over the age of 65 have an AAA. It becomes more common with raising age. However, most people with an AAA are not knowledgeable that they have one. An AAA is rare in people below the age of 60.</p><br />
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<h2>What is the concern about an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h2><p>The main concern is that the aneurysm might rupture (burst). The wall of the aneurysm is weaker than a natural artery wall and may not be able to endure the tension of blood internally. If it ruptures then severe internal bleeding occurs which is often fatal. Of course, most AAAs do not rupture - only a certain proportion (see below).</p><br />
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<h2>What are the warning signs of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h2><p>Often there are no symptoms. At the time of medical diagnosis, 7 in 10 people with an AAA will not have had any symptoms due to the aneurysm. The ballooning of the aneurysm does not trigger any symptoms except when it becomes large sufficient to put force on nearby structures. If signs do take place, they are likely to be mild abdominal or back painful sensations. There are many triggers of mild abdominal and back pain. As a result, the medical diagnosis may be postponed except when the aneurysm is big enough to be felt by a medical professional when he or she examines your abdomen.<br /><br />Sometimes small blood clots form on the inside lining of an AAA. These may break up off and be carried down the aorta and block a smaller artery further on. These blood clots are called emboli and can be damaging. For example, full blockage of an artery that delivers a foot may lead to reduction of blood to part of the foot, which can cause problems in the foot and gangrene if left without treatment.<br /><br />If the aneurysm does rupture then you are likely to have sudden severe abdominal and/or back pain. This is normally soon followed by failure as the internal bleeding causes a sharp drop in blood pressure.</p><br />
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<h2>The way in which an abdominal aortic aneurysm is diagnosed?</h2><ul><li>Sometimes a medical professionsal senses the bulge of an aneurysm during a program examination of the abdomen. Nevertheless, many AAAs are too compact to feel.</li><li>An X-ray of the abdomen (often carried out for different reasons) will show calcium mineral deposits lining the wall of an AAA in several, but not almost all, cases.</li><li>An ultrasound diagnostic scan is the easiest way to detect an AAA. This is an uncomplicated check. It is the identical kind of diagnostic scan that pregnant women have to look at the baby in the womb. The size of the aneurysm can also be measured by ultrasound. As discussed later, it is important to know the size.</li><li>A more detailed scan, such as a CT scan, is sometimes done. This may be accomplished if your doctor demands to know whether the aneurysm is impacting on any of the arteries that come off the aorta. For instance, if the aneurysm entails the section of the aorta where the arteries to the kidneys branch off, specialists need to recognize this information if they plan to operate.</li></ul><br />
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<h2>What is the risk of an abdominal aortic aneurysm rupturing?</h2><p>The chance of rupture is minimal if an AAA is small. As a rule, the risk of rupture raises with growing dimension. This is much like a balloon - the larger you blow it up, the greater the pressure, and the larger the chance it will burst open. The size of an AAA can be tested by an ultrasound scan. The following gives overall risk figures for the size (diameter) of the aneurysm:</p><ul><li>40 mm-55 mm: about a 1 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li><li>55 mm-60 mm: about a 10 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li><li>60 mm-69 mm: about a 15 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li><li>70 mm-79 mm: about a 35 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li><li>80 mm or more: about a 50 in 100 chance of rupture per year.</li></ul><p>As a rule, for any given size, the risk of rupture is increased in smokers, females, those with high blood pressure, and those with a relatives historical past of an AAA.</p><br />
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<h2>Should everyone with an abdominal aortic aneurysm have surgery?</h2><p>The simple answer is no. Operative restoration of an AAA is a significant procedure and provides threats. A small number of people will die while in, or shortly after, the surgery. If you have a small AAA, the threat of death caused by surgery is greater than the risk of rupture. For this reason, surgical procedures is normally not recommended if you have an AAA less than 50 mm broad. However, standard ultrasound scanning will commonly be recommended to discover if it gets larger over time.<br /><br />Medical procedures is usually recommended if you develop an AAA larger than 50 mm. For these larger aneurysms the chance of rupture is normally higher than the risk of surgical procedures. Nevertheless, if your common state of health is poor, or if you have specified other healthcare issues, this could improve the risk if you have surgical procedure. So, in certain cases the choice to operate could be a hard one.<br /><br />Urgent surgical procedure is necessary if an AAA ruptures. On average, about 8 in 10 people who have a ruptured aortic aneurysm will die due to the immediate critical bleeding. However, urgent surgery is lifesaving in some conditions.</p><br />
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<h2>What operations are executed?</h2><p>There are 2 types of medical procedure to restore an AAA.<br /><br />The classic operation is to cut out the negative piece of aorta and swap it with an man made part of artery (a graft). This is a major procedure and, as described, includes some danger. Some people die while in this operation. Nevertheless, it is productive in a lot of situations and the aneurysm is totally fixed. The long-term outlook is good. The graft usually works well for the rest of your life.<br /><br />A modern technique allows the aorta to be restored by a procedure called endovascular repair. This has become a popular option in current years. In this method a tube is passed up from inside one of the leg arteries into the section of the aneurysm. This tube is then passed throughout the widened aneurysm and fixed to the good aorta wall applying metal clips. The benefit to this specific type of fix is that there is no abdominal surgical procedure. This method is thus more secure than the standard procedure, and you need to have to spend less time in hospital. A negative aspect is that some individuals have to undergo a further surgery at a later stage to refine the primary process.<br /><br />Medical tactics keep going to develop and improve. Your doctor will recommend about the benefits and negatives of surgical treatment, the different kinds of procedure, and the best solution for you.</p><br />
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<h2>Other treatment options may be necessary</h2><p>If you have an AAA, you are probably to have a significant amount of atheroma that lines the artery. As a result, you are at danger of having substantial atheroma in other arteries, such as the coronary (heart) arteries and brain arteries. Therefore, you are likely to be at higher risk of developing heart disease (angina, heart attack, etc) and stroke.<br /><br />In fact, most people who develop an aortic AAA do not die of the aneurysm but die from additional vascular disorders, such as a heart harm or stroke.<br /><br />Therefore, you should think about doing what you can to minimize the chance of these disorders by other suggests. For illustration:</p><ul><li>Eat a healthy diet which comes with keeping a low salt intake.</li><li>If you are able, exercise often.</li><li>Lose weight if you are overweight.</li><li>Do not smoke cigarettes.</li><li>If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation.</li><li>If you have high blood pressure, diabetes, or a high cholesterol level, they should be well controlled on treatment.</li><li>You may be prescribed a statin drug to lower your cholesterol level and low-dose aspirin to help prevent blood clots from forming.</li></ul><p>See separate leaflet called <i>'Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases'</i> for more details.</p><br />
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<h2>Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm</h2><p>Research analyses suggest that a routine ultrasound check is worthwhile for all men aged 65. This is mainly because most people with an AAA do not have symptoms. Following a routine diagnostic scan, surgery treatment can be presented to men found to have an aneurysm over 50 mm wide. Follow-up scans can be supplied to monitor those with smaller aneurysms.<br /><br />In early 2008, the authorities released that over the subsequent five years ultrasound screening would be rolled out to enable all men in England aged 65 and over to be screened. Screening is likely to begin in Scotland in 2011. Wales and Northern Ireland have yet to announce their plans. Screening for AAA is offered only to men, as the condition is much more common in men than in women. One research released in 2009 predicted that if all men in their 60s and 70s were screened in England then this could save nearly 2,000 lives a year. On the other hand, there are some people who have fears about screening for AAA; for example, see the paper by Johnson cited under 'References', below.</p></div>Sun, 22 Apr 2012 16:09:50 GMTGomesBernal601http://www.aalf.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:GomesBernal601